Drawing Down The Moon Essay -- essays research papers

IntroductionI chose to watch the book Drawing Down the Moon Witches, Druids, Goddess Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today, by Margot Adler, because I myself am a practicing Wiccan.I began following this religion the summer before I entered high school. I have contract many books on my religion, and I persuasion that this one would compliment the knowledge that I have on the subject.I was raised a Roman Catholic, nevertheless I never felt authentically comfortable with the teachings of the Catholic church. It everto a greater extent seemed a little off to me and I never felt like I belonged there. After I received the service of Confirmation, my p atomic number 18nts stopped enforcing that I attend mass every Sunday. It made the transition a lot easier for me. Although, they did not and withal do not approve of my religion, they regard that Catholicism is not for me.When people hear that I am a witch, they automatically assume that I am either crazy, or a two wors hipper. Books such as Alders Drawing Down the Moon, ar the only way to allow new(prenominal) people to realize that there atomic number 18 many facets to the term Pagan. They also make people realize that not all Pagan religions revolve roughly curses, crystal balls and sacrifices.Although, I did not ascertain with everything that Margot Adler had to say, or with some of the interviews she chose to include in Drawing Down the Moon, I am happy that I chose to read it for my final paper. I do not feel that we cover enough approximately Pagan religions in our class, and this assignment gave me the opportunity to learn more about Pagan religions other than my own.Brief drumheadIn America today, there are a myriad of occult or magickal groups. Some of these groups are fiddling with maybe only 5 or 6 members, some have hundreds. The groups that I am referring to call themselves Pagans or Neo-Pagans. There are a wide of the mark variety of Pagans and Neo-Pagans. They can be animis ts, polytheists, pantheists, monotheists, or a combination of any of these. There are also many different classifications of Witches, such as Gothic, Classical, Familial, Immigrant, heathenish and Feminist. Each group is very distinguishable and different from the next. They do however share a common set of values.  ... ...h to be able to answer in the future, areWhat makes Pagan religions so unkindly to people when the basis of the religion relies solely on however the practitioner interprets it?Why isnt there more information available on them considering these religions are so old?Why dont these religions have any solid dogma?I conceptualize that this assignment was a very unassailable learning experience. It gave us the chance to explore any area of religion that we wanted to know about or learn more about. We werent quiet to the more common religions that we discuss in depth in class. I enjoyed the fact that we had a large core of freedom when choosing our topic. It is not good to always be told what to write about. Freedom of topics is always beneficial for the most creative fulfillment of any assignment. It gives the student a chance to work on something that they are truly provoke in. This assignment definitely allowed me to further my knowledge in the areas of religion that I am interested in, rather than solely what is in a syllabus. Drawing Down The Moon Essay -- essays research papers IntroductionI chose to read the book Drawing Down the Moon Witches, Druids, Goddess Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today, by Margot Adler, because I myself am a practicing Wiccan.I began following this religion the summer before I entered high school. I have read many books on my religion, and I thought that this one would compliment the knowledge that I have on the subject.I was raised a Roman Catholic, but I never felt truly comfortable with the teachings of the Catholic church. It always seemed a little off to me and I never f elt like I belonged there. After I received the Sacrament of Confirmation, my parents stopped enforcing that I attend mass every Sunday. It made the transition a lot easier for me. Although, they did not and still do not approve of my religion, they understand that Catholicism is not for me.When people hear that I am a witch, they automatically assume that I am either crazy, or a devil worshipper. Books such as Alders Drawing Down the Moon, are the only way to allow other people to realize that there are many facets to the term Pagan. They also make people realize that not all Pagan religions revolve around curses, crystal balls and sacrifices.Although, I did not agree with everything that Margot Adler had to say, or with some of the interviews she chose to include in Drawing Down the Moon, I am happy that I chose to read it for my final paper. I do not feel that we cover enough about Pagan religions in our class, and this assignment gave me the opportunity to learn more about Pagan religions other than my own.Brief SummaryIn America today, there are a myriad of occult or magickal groups. Some of these groups are small with maybe only 5 or 6 members, some have hundreds. The groups that I am referring to call themselves Pagans or Neo-Pagans. There are a wide variety of Pagans and Neo-Pagans. They can be animists, polytheists, pantheists, monotheists, or a combination of any of these. There are also many different classifications of Witches, such as Gothic, Classical, Familial, Immigrant, Ethnic and Feminist. Each group is very distinct and different from the next. They do however share a common set of values.  ... ...h to be able to answer in the future, areWhat makes Pagan religions so unappealing to people when the basis of the religion relies solely on however the practitioner interprets it?Why isnt there more information available on them considering these religions are so old?Why dont these religions have any solid dogma?I think that this assignment w as a very good learning experience. It gave us the chance to explore any area of religion that we wanted to know about or learn more about. We werent restrained to the more common religions that we discuss in depth in class. I enjoyed the fact that we had a large amount of freedom when choosing our topic. It is not good to always be told what to write about. Freedom of topics is always beneficial for the most creative fulfillment of any assignment. It gives the student a chance to work on something that they are truly interested in. This assignment definitely allowed me to further my knowledge in the areas of religion that I am interested in, rather than solely what is in a syllabus.

Abortion Choices :: Essays Papers

Abortion Choices Driving up to the clinic where I worked I did not expect what I saw. There were some(prenominal) protestors outside picketing and shouting their beliefs about rights and murder at me. I opened the door to see a teenage girl standing in fear and fear. She cried, Im only a child myself I walked into my room and was preparing to help this young teenage girl when I heard a aloud sound and I felt heat coming from the front of the clinic. I ran out front to realize that the clinic had been bombed. If only I didnt have a controversial job, then there wouldnt be so many deaths. Abortion is a controversial and political issue that is widely debated. Abortion is a public health problem that affects the entire globe. Since Christianity was established and the Ancient Romans ruled, the concept of stillbirth was known. However, abortion was not used since the expected age of death for quartette out of 100 people was 50 years of age. At the fou rth dimension of the Catholic Churches Inquisition, extreme punishment was enforced for the mothers and midwives who aborted babies. These women were thought to be witches. At this time abortion was wrong for a person and also the society in which they lived. Now abortion is legal, but still has affects the entire world. Abortion has become such a large issue over the years that some individual and right to life groups find it necessary to bomb clinics, killing those who perform the abortion procedures (Correa). Abortion is used to save lives in the 189 countries of the 193 countries to save womens lives. At rates that are 20 times what the United States has registered are the countries of Peru, Dominican land and Chile. Material deaths reached 78,000 for unsafe abortions between the years of 1995 and 2000. Complications due to abortion, kills one in eight women. Abortion does not just affect mothers, it affects the entire world. The process of having a child can easily be controlled through the use of birth control and condoms.

Analysing a TV Advertisement Essay -- Papers

Analysing a TV Advertisement The TV advert that I am going to go bad is advertising Comfort, the apparel washing liquid. This advert is rattling, very unusual. It is ab push through a family made out of fabric, a little bit like rag dolls. I am going to analyse this advert tantrum by shot so it is easy to understand. The first shot is roofy in the bathroom of the Clothes family. exact Lisa cloth is extremely upset that her boyfriend is leaving town for a little while. At the start of the advert she is standing in the bathroom flavour extremely upset. Her mother then comes in. This first shot is a tracking shot as it moves with the mum as she enters the bathroom and walks forward to talk to her daughter. The set is the bathroom of the house and it is in fact very plain and minimalist. The bathroom is a simple cream colour but it looks as if this is made out of cloth, for the reason that it has stitches all around the edges of the whole room. I belie ve that the writers have created the bathroom to be this way so that the people stand out, as they argon bright colours. The mum is made out of orange and brown material and the girl is purple, pink and lilac. The lighting used in this advert is also very important. If the lighting was dark or there was no lighting at all, then no body would be able to see the advert or the people in the advert and the whole advert would be useless. Therefore, the lighting is very bright, lively and cheerful. Nothing is dark. The reason for this is maybe because the advert is set in the daytime. Nevertheless, it may give connotations of the product making people jolly and cheerful even when they might be upset. ... ...till standing their hugging. Lisa then says in a supply up sort of way, Darren youre creasing me now Once this phrase is said the Mother appears on the screen from behind the door. She looks at the couple in an I told you so look. This is a shot reverse sh ot looking into the house from the road, onto the girls face and her Mother. I think that this advert is very clever. It gives the connotations that the product will basically make clothes expression fresh and cool without damaging them in any sort of way. I like the way that the writers have used people made out of clothes and that the comfort is used like a moisturiser to make the clothes soft. The comment about the creasing at the end of the advert is also quite funny. The music passim the advert is light and bouncy. It makes the advert seem bubbly and lively.

Ethnography - Inter-team Conflict with the Coach :: Ethnography

Ethnography - Inter-team Conflict with the CoachRecently, two strong sophomore players throw in the towel the varsity womens water polo team. They said that they were no longer having fun, atomic number 53 saying that the time commitment just was non worth it anymore, while the other said that playing polo at Oxy was making her more and more unhappy. preferably in the season, one of the players who was named first team All American and MVP of the National Tournament, also almost quit the team for good. Again, her reasoning was that the game was not fun for her anymore. She also expressed that she felt unappreciated by the coach for her efforts at Nationals, as well as for her leadership on the team on a regular basis.These withdrawals reminded me of the last two years when I was on the team. I recall how often I would hear the other players express their discontent about being on the team. However, the problem did not lie in the team in itself, precisely rather in the coac h and his ways. Interestingly, although I was a member of the team, I truly was not aware of the problem at hand. I, above and beyond, was a novice player and almost never received anything but positive encouragement from the coach. It is important to realize that I had never played, or even seen, the game of water polo before coming to Oxy, and on that pointfore learned a lot by coming to practice and watching and learning from the reminders and criticism that the coach would give. Nevertheless, I did have a lot of experience swimming to a lower place various coachessome of whom where the soakedest of the mean. It is for this reason that I felt that the other players were often being overly sensitive to the criticisms (which I viewed more often than not as constructive) that the coach would give. Of course, there would betimes that I felt that he would pick on (or yell more at) certain players. But I believe that there are few coaches that specifically try to bring down mor al and cause players to hate the game. Yet, despite the fact that the coach may not mean to bring down moral and cause players to hate the game, it seems he has done something to cause two, almost three, players that played in the National Championship tournament to quit the team.

Essay --

cerise Bull owner Dietrich Mateschitz commented, The or so dangerous thing for a brand is low interest. (Gschwandtner) Red Bull is currently available in over 165 countries, resulting in over 35 billion cans sold. (Red Bull) While many companies try to push their products on consumers, Mateschitz decided to take a more personal approach towards attracting consumers and influencing them to make his product stand out and become their first choice. Red Bulls owner states that most of its success came from bringing consumers to the product rather than the other way around. (Gschwandtner) With level offts in the industries of sport, music, art, technology and adventure, there is little the company does that is not interesting to just well-nigh everyone. Red Bull hosts or actively sponsors contests and showcases for athletes in surfing, snowboarding, skateboarding, bike riding, and free style motorcycle riding events. These events take place all over the manhood and can attract as many as 30 to 50 thousand spectators during the event. (Gschwandtner). This pull strategy (Lamb, Hair, McDaniel) makes customers attracted to the event, and the actual drink plays a more collateral role. Using different host cities allow the company to incorporate the local culture and natural resources to its benefits. In Germany, a downhill mountain bike even used an abandoned potash mine to serve as its course because of the different elements provided throughout the 2,100-foot track. (Gschwandtner) Brazil, as a second example, was the host for a B.A.S.E. jump event that had spectators watching jumpers perform back-flips and other aerial acrobatics off of their famous Christ the Redeemer statue with a parachute, of course. (Gschwandtner) Othe... ... conclusion, sponsoring or acting as the chief(prenominal) host of these international events, Red Bull uses reminder advertising to keep the product fresh in the customers mind. (Lamb, Hair, McDaniel) Placing the pr oduct in any market they pauperization to and providing slogans like It Gives You Wings differentiates its product from other competitors with a message of revitalizing your mind in addition to getting an energy jolt. Having well known athletes in events is beneficial to attracting consumers to the events, where they are given free samples. By pushing the status quo of sporting events and breaking world records, Red Bull has a message of increase human capability while also honoring the environment. With its high market share in local and international markets, and its increasing growth, the company should keep put in events and sponsorships to continue expanding.

Essay --

bolshie Bull owner Dietrich Mateschitz commented, The most dangerous thing for a grunge is low interest. (Gschwandtner) Red Bull is currently available in over 165 countries, resulting in over 35 billion cans sold. (Red Bull) While mevery companies exertion to push their products on consumers, Mateschitz decided to take a more personal approach towards attr acting consumers and influencing them to make his product stand out and become their first choice. Red Bulls owner states that most of its success came from bringing consumers to the product rather than the other way around. (Gschwandtner) With events in the industries of sport, music, art, technology and adventure, there is little the partnership does that is not evoke to just about everyone. Red Bull troopss or actively sponsors contests and showcases for athletes in surfing, snowboarding, skateboarding, bike riding, and free style motorcycle riding events. These events take place tout ensemble over th e world and can attract as many as 30 to 50 thousand spectators during the event. (Gschwandtner). This pull strategy (Lamb, Hair, McDaniel) makes customers attracted to the event, and the actual drink plays a more secondary role. Using different host cities allow the company to incorporate the local culture and natural resources to its benefits. In Germany, a downhill good deal bike even used an abandoned potash mine to serve as its course because of the different elements provided throughout the 2,100-foot track. (Gschwandtner) Brazil, as a second example, was the host for a B.A.S.E. jumping event that had spectators watching jumpers perform back-flips and other aerial acrobatics off of their famous Christ the Redeemer statue with a parachute, of course. (Gschwandtner) Othe... ... conclusion, sponsoring or acting as the main host of these international events, Red Bull uses reminder advertising to keep the product fresh in the customers mind. (Lamb, Hair, McDaniel) Placing the pr oduct in any market they want to and providing slogans like It Gives You Wings differentiates its product from other competitors with a message of revitalizing your mind in addition to getting an energy jolt. Having puff up known athletes in events is beneficial to attracting consumers to the events, where they are given free samples. By pushing the status quo of sporting events and breaking world records, Red Bull has a message of increasing human capability while also honoring the environment. With its high market share in local and international markets, and its increasing growth, the company should keep investing in events and sponsorships to continue expanding.

Electric vs. Gasoline Essay

Nowadays, people all everywhere the world do their best to live greener and not contribute to global warming. An invention that is meant to serve up reduce the amount of toxic waste that is polluting the environment nowadays is that of the electric car. But is electric really so much better than gas? voltaic cars ar emission free, compact and lightweight, and three times as efficient as gas railway locomotives. Compared to gasoline cars, electric car push backs are very efficient, converting over 90% of electrical power supplied into motion.Still, there is about a 50% chance in the United States that burning coal, which, in turn, severely harms the environment, generates the electricity that is utilize to charge the batteries of a plug-in electric vehicle. Another advantage of an electric vehicle, is its durability except for the fact that it has lower emissions, the electric car is in no pick out for oil changes or tune-ups, and with regenerative braking, brakes last longer.Th e gasoline car, on the other hand, has to deal with part failures associated with belts, hoses and cooling systems. The gas-powered car has a fuel tank, which supplies gasoline to the engine. The engine then turns a transmission, which turns the wheels. An electric car functions just a little differently than the gas-powered one in comparison, it has a set of batteries that provides electricity to an electric motor. The motor then turns a transmission, and the transmission turns the wheels.When it comes to safety, although the weight and the bulk of the batteries make the electric vehicle heavier compared to gasoline vehicles and takes up more interior space, it is proven that the occupants of a soggy vehicle will, on average, suffer fewer and less injuries than the occupants of a lighter vehicle. Yet, although having an electric car has so many advantages, there are, as associated with all things, a few disadvantages that could make the ownership of an electric car somewhat challe nging.Electric cars tend to require long recharge times. This means that the car cannot be use while the battery is charging. Also, the electric car has been known to be extremely expensive to purchase the costs should break down outside the warranty coverage. The battery, too, has to be charged for at least 12 hours (a time which can only be done overnight, if one travels a lot by car), and there are few stations that make it possible to charge, other than your own house.In the end, it is all up to the individual to make the decision if one is determined to encourage save and protect the environment, and is willing to take up the costs and time and effort it takes to charge the vehicle . Bibliography http//truecostblog. com/2009/01/04/electric-vs-gasoline/ http//www. weatherimagery. com/blog/electric-vs-gasoline-vehicle/ http//www. ehow. com/about_5456046_electric-vs-gas-cars. html http//auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car1. htm http//www. articleinspector. com/articles/452/1/Lea rn-Pros-And-Cons-About-The-All-Electric-Car/Page1. html.

Pizza Hut †KFC Essay

Description The Indian fast intellectual nourishment market has been witnessing rapid growth on the back of positive developments and presence of massive investments. Currently, market growth is largely fuelled by the rising young population, working women, hectic schedules, and increasing disposable income of the middle-class households. Some of the unique properties of fast food for thought like quick served, cost advantage, etc are making it highly popular among the masses. Thus, India offers enormous opportunities for both domestic as well as international players. correspond to this new research report, Indian Fast Food commercialise Analysis, the Indian Fast Food Industry is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of around 34% during 2011-2014. Anticipating the future growth, many big international players are entering into the market by making deals with the domestic players. And those already present in the Indian market are expanding their presence in different provinces of the c ountry. This trend will emerge more strongly during BMIs point period, providing opportunities to local players to let out their product portfolios.BMI research further revealed that there is a large scope of growth in the untapped tier-II and tier- III cities, owing to which, major fast food retailers have already started applying various marketing strategies in popularizing their brands in these cities. Furthermore, they are aiming to provide affordable and customized products to suit the needs of people that would ultimately provide indispensable boost to the Indian fast food industry. The report also provides extensive information on the countrys fast food market, besides discussing the exploitation segments like Noodle market, pizza pie market, and others food market.Thus, it provides valuable information about the Fast food companies and provides necessary insight for investors looking to enter this market. Moreover, the report features forecast for fast food sales in the country. The forecast is free radicald on the correlation between past market growth and growth in base drivers, such as middle class, urbanization, cultural shift, and lifestyle changes. Due consideration is given on competitive landscape to enable clients to understand market structure and growth prospects. Contents 1. Analyst View 2. Research Methodology 3. Indian Fast Food Potential 3. 1 Large Consumer Base 3.2 emerging Purchasing Power 3. 3 Rapid Urbanization 3. 4 Changing Lifestyle 4. Indian Fast Food Market Analysis 4. 1 Market Size and Growth 4. 2 Performance by Product 4. 2. 1 Pizza 4. 2. 2 Instant Noodles and Pasta 4. 2. 3 Others 5. Consumer Behavior Analysis 6. life-sustaining Industry Trends 6. 1 Rapid Expansion in Tier-II and Tier-III Cities 6. 2 Franchise Preferred Way for Business Expansion 6. 3 A Stiff competition from Ethnic Fast Food 6. 4 Product Customization Considering Indian Customs 7. Industry Regulation Analysis 8. Market Leaders and their Expansion Pla ns 8. 1 McDonald 8. 2 Dominos Pizza 8. 3 Pizza army hut 8. 4 KFC.8. 5 Nirulas List of Tables Table 3-1 Population Breakup by epoch Group (%), 2011 & 2014 Table 8-1 McDonald Strength and Weakness Analysis Table 8-2 Dominos Pizza Strength and Weakness Analysis Table 8-3 Pizza Hut Strength and Weakness Analysis Table 8-4 KFC Strength and Weakness Analysis Table 8-5 Nirula Strength and Weakness Analysis List of Charts design 3-1 Population (Billion), 2010-2014 Figure 3-2 Per Head Disposable Income (US$), 2010-2014 Figure 3-3 Urban Population (Million), 2010-2014 Figure 3-4 Frequency of Eating Out (2003 & 2009) Figure 4-1 Fast Food Market (Billion INR), 2010-2014.Figure 4-2 Pizza Market (Billion INR), 2010-2014 Figure 4-3 Instant Pasta and Noodles Market (Billion INR), 2010-2014 Figure 4-4 Other Fast Food Market (Billion INR), 2010-2014 Ordering Order Online http//www. researchandmarkets. com/reports/1246140/ Order by facsimile using the form below Order by Post print the ord er form below and send to Research and Markets, Guinness Centre, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland. Page 1 of 2 Fax Order Form To place an order via fax simply print this form, fill in the information below and fax the holy form to 646-607- 1907 (from USA) or +353-1-481-1716 (from Rest of World).If you have any questions please visit http//www. researchandmarkets. com/contact/ Order Information enjoy verify that the product information is objurgate and select the format(s) you require. Product Formats enthrall select the product formats and quantity you require* raptus/Handling is only charged once per order. Contact Information Please enter all the information below in BLOCK CAPITALS Product Name Indian Fast Food Market Analysis Web accost http//www. researchandmarkets. com/reports/1246140/ Office Code OC8DIRPKPRUPSS Quantity Electronic Single User EURO 621. 00 CD ROM EURO 777.00 + Euro 50 Shipping/Handling Hard Copy EURO 777. 00 + Euro 50 Shipping/Handling Electronic Enterpr isewide EURO 932. 00 Title Mr Mrs Dr Miss Ms Prof First Name Last Name Email Address * Job Title organisation Address City Postal / Zip Code Country Phone NumberFax Number * Please refrain from using free electronic mail accounts when ordering (e. g. Yahoo, Hotmail, AOL) Page 1 of 2 Payment Information Please indicate the payment method you would like to use by selecting the appropriate box. Please fax this form to (646) 607-1907 or (646) 964-6609 From USA +353-1-481-1716 or +353-1-653-1571 From Rest of World.

The company’s clothing and shoe designs typically feature Essay

Adidas was founded in 1948 by Adolf Dassler, following the split of Gebrder Dassler Schuhfabrik between him and his older companion Rudolf. Rudolf later established Puma, which was the early rival of Adidas. Registered in 1949, Adidas is currently based in Herzogenaurach, Germany. Puma is also based in Herzogenaurach.The companys wearing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars, and the same motif is incorporated into Adidass current official logo.The company revenue for 2012 was listed at 14.48 billion. fibGebrder Dassler SchuhfabrikChristoph Von Wilhelm Dassler was a worker in a shoe factory, while his wife Pauline ran a small laundry in the Bavarian town of Herzogenaurach, 20 km (12.4 mi) from the city of Nuremberg. After leaving school, their son, Rudolf Rudi Dassler, joined his father at the shoe factory. When he returned from fighting in World War I, Rudolf received a management position at a porcelain factory, and later in a leather wholesale business in Nuremb erg.Adolf Adi Dassler started to produce his own sports blank space in his mothers wash kitchen in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria after his return from World War I.In July 1924, his crony Rudolf returned to Herzogenaurach to join his younger brothers business, which became Gebrder Dassler Schuhfabrik (Dassler Brothers habilitate Factory) and prospered. The touch started the venture in their mothers laundry,65 but, at the time, electricity supplies in the town were unreliable, and the brothers sometimes had to use pedal power from a stationary bicycle to run their equipment.By the 1936 Summer Olympics, Adi Dassler drove from Bavaria on one of the worlds first motorways to the Olympic village with a base full of spikes and persuaded U.S. panacheer Jesse Owens to use them, the first sponsorship for an African American. Following Owenss haul of four gold medals, his success cemented the good reputation of Dassler shoes among the worlds most famous sportsmen. Letters from around the world landed on the brothers desks, and the trainers of other national teams were all interested in their shoes. Business boomed and the Dasslers were selling 200,000 pairs of shoes each year before World War II. World War II and company splitBoth brothers joined the Nazi Party, but Rudolf was roughly closer to the party than Adolf. During the war, a growing rift between the pair reached a breaking point after an Allied bomb attack in 1943, when Adi and his wife climbed into a bomb shelter that Rudolf and his family were already in The dirty bastards are back again, Adi said, referring to the Allied war planes, but Rudolf was convinced his brother meant him and his family.9 After Rudolf was later picked up by American soldiers and accused of being a member of the Waffen SS, he was convinced that his brother had turned him in.The Dassler factory, used for return of anti-tank weapons during the war, was nearly destroyed by US forces in April 1945, but was spared when Adi Dasslers wife, K the, convinced the GIs that the company and its employees were only interested in manufacturing sports shoes. American occupying forces after became major buyers of the Dassler brothers shoes.The brothers split up in 1947, with Rudi forming a new firm that he called Ruda from Rudolf Dassler, later rebranded Puma, and Adi forming a companyformally registered as Adidas AG from Adi Dassler on 18 August 1949. Although it is popularly claimed that the name is an acronym for All Day I Dream About Soccer, that phrase is a backronym the name is actually a portmanteau formed from Adi (a nickname for Adolf) and Das (from Dassler). Early years and rivalry with PumaPuma and Adidas entered a fierce and bitter rivalry after the split. The town of Herzogenaurach was shared out on the issue, leading to the nickname the town of bent neckspeople looked down to see which shoes strangers wore. Even the towns two football clubs were change integrity ASV Herzogenaurach club supported Adidas, while 1 FC Herzogenaurach endorsed Rudolfs footwear. When handymen were called to Rudolfs home, they would deliberately wear Adidas shoes. Rudolf would tell them to go to the basement and pick out a pair of free Pumas.The two brothers never reconciled, and although both are buried in the same cemetery, they are spaced apart as far as possible.citation neededIn 1948, the first football match after World War II, several members of the western United States German national football team wore Puma boots, including the scorer of West Germanys first post-war goal, Herbert Burdenski. Four years later, at the 1952 Summer Olympics, 1500 metres runner Josy Barthel of Luxembourg won Pumas first Olympic gold in Helsinki, Finland. The original Adidas logo until 1997, it is now used on Adidas OriginalsAt the 1960 Summer Olympics Puma paid German sprinter Armin Hary to wear Pumas in the 100 metre sprint final. Hary had worn Adidas before and asked Adolf for payment, but Adidas rejected this request. The German won gold in Pumas, but then laced up Adidas for the medals ceremony, to the shock of the two Dassler brothers. Hary hoped to hard currency in from both, but Adi was so enraged he banned the Olympic champion.

Engineering Economic analysis Essay

Relevant psychological and physiological effects were found to overhaul in a promotion or passing process and these include the increased stress due to more challenging job experience and more demanding job responsibilities and the observation that the promoted technical person go out become more people oriented and less technically oriented. The stress created could either result to positive or negative consequences to the just promoted manager.If positive, the promotion whitethorn make him or her happy in the job but if not the negative effects could result to the bon ton not attaining its brassal objective. Motivational and leaders theories could be incorporated in the daily routine to the workplace but the their incorporation must take into consideration the assumptions and conditions under which theories may be utilise in order to assure the company of a better chance of benefiting from their incorporation as people may react differently in a way that may contradict the in tended purpose or purposes of the theories.It is an accepted cable reality that people are the most important part of the organization but they are the same time the greatest liability if they are not motivated which makes it easy to attribute success or failure of the business to people and their decisions and actions. Applying or incorporating the theories is possible but requires a great deal of challenge to circumspection because it is difficult to determine with certainty the different conditions under which the theories and motivations and leadership may apply.In however devising the decision to incorporate the theories into the daily routine of the workplace, advantages could be found in the greater chance of having motivated employees that would sustain the organization in attaining its vision but at the same time disadvantages are also inevitable for incorporating the same on the basis of the risk of making decisions to incorporate for not all incorporations of theories will result to a successful end. This paper asserts that certain foreseen and relevant psychological and physiological effects may occur in a promotion or transition process of technical person, using another persons personal on-the-job experience, and the managerial wordy concepts covered/discussed in both MSE504 (Engineering Management and previously MSE404) and MSE602 (Advanced Engineering Management.)This further asserts that incorporating the theories of Motivation and Leadership into the daily routine of the company (workplace) from the perspective of engineer progress in positions and that of an accomplished engineering manager is not easy as the theories are applicable under different set of assumptions or conditions which the present company does not readily lend without effecting changes to the higher corporate strategies of the organization.It is further asserted that in so incorporating the said theories touches upon different pertinent theories and job-related experi ences that cover key attributes of management such as risk-taking and decision-making, judgment by trial and error, performance monitoring and evaluation, observation and interpretation, strategizing and behavioral analysis and that in so having various effects among these attributes of management, advantages and disadvantages as well as ramifications could be observed as they personal conduct, overall managerial tasks, and the companys operational vision.

Shewin Case

PA402 Employment Law Unit 3 The Employment Relationship Shewin Memorandum Your Course Project Read About the Shewin Memorandum end-to-end the course, you will work on the Shewin Memorandum. Your first step is to become acquainted with Ms. Shewin and the fact pattern. Ima Shewin is a 45-year-old African-American woman with advanced degrees in English and journalism from the University of Chicago. She has been employed by The Blabber, a newspaper in Atlanta, Georgia, for 10 historic period.She started as an entrylevel researcher. Two years later, she was promoted to a junior-level reporter position, and two years after that, to a senior-level reporter position. She has now been a senior-level reporter for the last six years. During the first eight years of her employment, Shewin reported to George Doright. Two years ago, The Blabber reorganized, and Doright was moved to other division in the company. Since then, Shewin has reported to Arthur King, The Blabbers senior editor.Followi ng the reorganization, two editors bear retired. Although Shewin applied for these positions, they were not offered to her. In fact, she was only invited to interview for one of the positions, although she believes she met the qualifications for both. Last month, she applied for a junior-editor position she has been after for several years now. Based upon the qualifications that were identified in the jobs classified ad, she felt she was a shoo-in. She applied and was interviewed. The interview with Mr.King did not go as well as she had hoped. The interview took place over lunch in a restaurant. King started out the conversation by engaging in patently harmless social banter, but Shewin was uncomfortable with his personal questions about her relationship with her boyfriend. A few weeks after the interview, the company announced that it was hiring Gene Whiz, someone from immaterial the company. Whiz is 26 years old and recently earned a masters degree in journalism from the Univer sity of Chicago.He has worked as a reporter for a midget local newspaper. Shewin believes a number of factors may have been held against her. For example, only three women are in the upper levels of management, and all were promoted prior to the reorganization. King was not intricate in the promotion decisions for any of the three women. King has a reputation for making sexist comments, which several women in the company find offensive, as do a number of men. For example, he described one pregnant reporter as barefoot and pregnant. He has also asked Shewin out to discuss business, invitations that she has declined. She feels that rejecting him may have something to do with her not getting the job. Another possible factor is that there are only five African-American senior managers in the company. Shewin has heard through and through the rumor mill that Whiz is part AfricanAmerican. Also, prior to Mr. Dorights transfer, Shewin filed a complaint against some of her male colleagues. Apparently the men whose cubicles were surrounding Shewins area had a habit of discussing their weekend dates in graphic detail on Monday mornings. Although they did not make these comments directly to Shewin, the conversations PA402 Employment Law Unit 3 The Employment Relationship Shewin Memorandum were instead loud and she overheard them regularly. After several months of hoping they would stop, Shewin brought this matter to Mr. Doright, who sternly told the employees to stop such behavior.However, since Arthur King became the senior manager, her coworkers have reverted to their old behavior, and King has taken no put through against them, despite Shewins repeated complaints to him. In fact, Shewin has observed King laughing at the conversations as he walked by. He did not, however, participate in the conversations. Finally, Shewin is more than 40 years old and has concerns that she may be getting passed over because of her age. A friend of hers overheard King talking to anoth er senior manager, speculating as to when Shewin would finally retire.

Greek and latin christianity Essay

delivererianity is the state of being a Christian it plays a very big part in the every twenty-four hours lives of people, and their faith in what they see. For most Christians they believe that Gods spirits was uncreated and the creator of all things who works on the redemption of the world through his son Jesus Christ. With their imprints in the divinity of Christ and as for the Holy Spirit to be spoken as the doctrine of the holy trinity, that describes one divine substance exist such as the Father, the discussion Jesus Christ and the holy spirit.Christians regards the Holy bible a book containing the word of God, it is divided into two parts the Old Testament and New Testament. In the Old Testament it has all the Jewish tanakh. As for the New Testament it has all the gospels from Matthew, Luke, Mark, John, etc. for most Christians they believe that when a human dust dies it under goes specific judgment either a reward to eternal heaven or to be condemn eternally to hell. II. Greek Christianity Separated from the occidental behave in the 15th century on doctrinal and liturgical grounds, and was officially called the holy oriental Orthodox Church.Over 97% of the people born(p) in Greece are being baptized as Christians and the church regards ancient religious practice as pagan. In the early days people from the church havent attended flame ceremonies at Olympia due to reference is made to the ancient god of music and light Apollo. After the metempsychosis of the roman emperor Constantine Christianity took hold in Greece in 4th century. Emperor Theodosius wiped out the last vestige of Olympian gods after he abolish the prodigious Games in 394AD.In the early days polytheistic groups perform secretly ancient temple, but now a days they were granted permission to perform a ceremony at the temple of Olympian Zeus in Athens Greece. These native people are authentically serious about their belief that the twelve Olympian gods really exist. In 1992 an agr eement was made amongst the American theologians stating the differences betwixt eastern and oriental Jewish-Orthodox Christians even though up to this day it hasnt formally recognized yet together with the so called church of the east.III. Latin Christianity As for many people they intend to see the Catholic Church as an old-fashioned, obstructive, and reactionary. But if you look somewhere else you might find that the Roman Catholicism has never been that conservative. Throughout the times it keeps on disturbing feudal society by means of expanding papal and clerical powers. You might find a hard time understanding what Europe is, unless you try to understand what Christianity is really like if the papals power never exist in the very first place.The most funny issue for this topic is about the monophyletic churches and the Jewish-Orthodox churches. Monophysite has a numerous number of members that are Christian minority in Muslim lands Like Egyptian Copts. As well as the Ethi opian Christianity which is also, monophysites. The Orthodox Church is a group of several self-governing churches that are mostly Greeks or Slavonic. These people are well renounced during the 15th century schism. filiation from the Roman Catholic in terms of a more compound and gradual union that was developed in 858AD to 1204AD. Monophysite theories were taken as a form of resistance to the dominant Greek culture from eastern Roman Empire. IV. A. The difference between the Greek and Latin Christianity Latin Christianity differs from the Greek Christianity through its commentary and beliefs of the nature of Jesus Christ. Most early Christians theory disputes around several ideas that are found in the gospels.In short the orthodox believes that Jesus Christ was one person with two natures, as what do Roman and protestant. There are such differences occur academic interest wise, in that location are nothing left at stake. This had a big effect on the average Christians because they dont even know what to believe. B. The split between Greek and Latin Christianity It was year 450 when there are only few Western European people who could read and understand the Greek language. And after a couple of years.Byzantium still called it self the Roman Empire but there were only few of the Byzantium who were able to speak Latin, knowing that it is the language of the Romans, even Photius a well renounced scholar during the 19th century could not even read Latin,until in 864 Michael III a Roman Emperor at Byzantium called the language were Virgil wrote a barbarian and scythic tongue. If Latins were able to read Greek or vice versa, so they could do it as well with their translations. It is so remarkable to note how this religious division happened.While Christianity were on its mission it tended to be associated with the three cultures namely the Semitic, the Greek, and the Latin. As an out come to this separation the Semitic Christians of Syria were bring down off from the rest of Christendom then followed by the second split religious split that initiated a wedge between the Greek and Latin traditions of Christianity V. Martyrdom taken from the Greek language used to describes the apostles who witnessed Christ life and resurrection, meaning witness. As for Judaism it is referred to a Hebrew phrase meaning sanctification of Gods name.Martyrs are those people who undergo a lot of suffering for the sake of faith, and then only to die for that faith. Martyrdom occurs as the endurance and heroism of an individual who submits to ending rather than forswear his religion, especially those who suffered to death for their religious principles.Work citedOxford university press The new international Webster comprehensive dictionary (encyclopedic edition) The bloody theater or martyrs by Thieleman Van Bright Books of Martyrs by John fox http//www. catholoic forums. com/saint/martyrs. htm http//www. pravmir. com/article_153. htm

Pros of the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy Essay

My topic was about the professionals of the nullify of the sovereigny. A few of the reasons why the overthrow of the monarchy was good was because hello started to become multi-cultural . Being multi-cultural can be looked upon as good if you see it as a focal point to broaden our cultures. Not to many states are as diversified as Hawaii which is special, some people are only one race alike me still a lot of people here(predicate) are a combination of many different ethnicities like Japanese, Chinese, Hawaiian, Samoan, black, and white this combination of all the ethnicities is what makes the people here that live in Hawaii unique.Another reason why the overthrow of the monarchy was good was because it ultimately it led up to the appropriation of Hawaii to the US. When we became a U.S. stain Hawaii improved. Hawaii gained a sewer organization, great fortunes were do by the industry people like the sugar and pineapple plantation owners, and also the truly estate business boomed. A very important thing that happen when we became the 50th state of the U.S. was that America extended the bill of rights which gave women the right to vote. Before in the monarchy only 21 year old white male that could read and write English could vote. This gave women and men and the Hawaiian people more rights.Another pro of what the overthrow of the monarchy is that now there was not only one ruler. Instead of it being only one ruler it became a democracy. Even thought the system of 1 dictator was working out so far the island of Hawaii was rapidly changing and only having one monarch would probably not live fit the need of all that was happening in the islands. There was the needs of the native Hawaiian that was probably the most important to her, the needs of the sugar cane and pineapple owners. The plantations owner would want more land and so would the Hawaiians the needs of everybody on the island could have gotten too out of control for just 1 monarch to handle s o having a democratic government would solve the need for all of that.Even though some Hawaiians feel that the overthrow of the monarchy was a dingy thing there are some Hawaiians that actually think that the overthrow of the monarchy was a good thing. Earl Arakaki from Ewa Beach wrote in a letter to the editor that that annexation to the United States was the best thing thatcould happen to Hawaii, both for the native and foreign population. I am proud to be a part of the united states and Im proud to be a native Hawaiian. Some Hawaiians accepted these changes and have adapted them into their lifestyles. Called the bi-cultural Hawaiians, they took the best from both worlds.In a diary foundation that Queen Liliokalani wrote she said and I quote Tho for a moment (the overthrow) cost me a pang of pain for my people, it was only momentary, for the present has a rely for the future of my people.Hawaiian people are quite diverse of the subject on the overthrow of the monarchy although the native Hawaiian view point has been expresses many measure there is always more than one side of a storyOur group opinion of the overthrow of the monarchy was bad because many Hawaiians lost the very culture that made them individual to the other races.Having the Hawaiian monarchy taken away from the Hawaiians was as if something you were really used to and were just fine with ripped away from you and told that it was wrong and you should start to live the way that we live and not even having a say in it. We also think that the overthrow of the monarchy was good too in a way because if the overthrow wouldnt have happened then like where would we be now? Some of us might not have ever met or even been born. Its like some of our parents would have never met and the way that Hawaii is now would be way, way differentBibliographyPat, Pitzer. The Overthrow of the Monarchy. Hawaiian Independence. May 1994. 20 August 2006 .Samuel Kaluna, Kaluna. Hawaii is not legally a state. 21 August 2007 .

Bathroom Fittings and Fixtures Industry in India Essay

pot Fittings and Fixtures constancy pains overview The bathroom adaptations industry which was not disposed up much importance till a a couple of(prenominal) years back in India has suddenly picked up. This has mainly happened due to the rising income of the nation, rapid urbanization, and growth in the class conscious middle class. The Bathroom fittings industry in India is among the most booming industries in the country. any year companies argon coming up with new harvest-homes or refurbishing old products with new designs and features. Due to the rapid growth of the countrys population the need for houses is continuously increasing.Both the Government and private arena real estate companies are investing abundant amounts of money in this sector. The rise in the get for good housing facilities is giving rise to the demand of quality bathroom accessories marketplace in India. Countries handle India and China are ranked among the major bathroom fittings market curren tly mostly because of their sizable populations. constancy Structure India is home to numerous whirligig bathroom fittings brands. The patience is both organized and unorganized. The Bathroom fitting industry in India consists of a number of small, medium and large manufacturers.The small companies are mostly the local players that cater to a small section of the society. Whereas the popular bathroom fitting companies are mostly the clear up foreign and domestic players that form managed to establish a reputation in the Bathroom accessories market. Key Drivers of the Industry Industry works on the principle of demand and supply. Every industry is drive by the market forces and the market forces are affected by various forces. Key drivers infact generated demand for the industry. Bathroom fitting industry is no exception to this rule.This industry is too like other industries are operate by various market forces which are as follows Rising Income of the people and hence their purchasing military unit parity (PPP) The rapid urbanization due to which the demand for bathroom fittings is growing More and more enthronement in the construction sector both by domestic players and the foreign MNCs. Growing awareness among the people regarding bathroom architecture and fittings. Advertisement especially in developing nations is key factor in creating product awareness and hence the demand. Market OverviewIndian Sanitary Ware Industry bullish India, today, is all snip to become the biggest manufacturing hub for international sanitary wares brand. The bathroom fittings market in the country is growing at a rate of 13. 3% per annum Indias current sanitary ware market size is almost d crores and is growing at an annual growth rate of 3-4 percent in the industry. Going forward, India will have a huge market for sanitary ware products and of course the export market will excessively grow simultaneously. Further, governments support to improve sanitation and hygien e and increasing urbanization has given a big push to the Indian sanitary ware industry.The companies are applying accurate standards and using top machinery and stringent quality measures with latest designs to manufacture finest quality machines India, today, is all set to become the biggest manufacturing hub for international sanitary wares brand. For the starters, Indian sanitary wares are comparatively cheaper as opposed to our western counterparts, courtesy availability of productive raw materials and low cost labor in comparison to other countries. This in fact has given Indian sanitary ware products an edge over the competitors from the nearby countries and naturally the exports of sanitary wares from India is scaling up.Certainly, Industrys growth is directly related to the development in real estate. Today, housings demands are on rise. And interestingly people have started fetching interest in top sanitary wares. The change magnitude demand for sanitary ware is not jus t emanating from the new projects but there is a huge market for replacement products also. The remarkable growth by the industry has inspired industry majors to conjure up their manufacturing system and even apply latest technology to give customers value for their money.Moreover, Indian companies are taking a step further to enlighten people about the advantages of premium sanitary wares. With 15 to 17 percent growth per year, Indian manufacturers have strengthened their dealer network all across the country. guide for Made-in-India Sanitary Wares in the International Markets Market Share Key Players 1. Hindware In 1960 Mr. Rajendra K. Somany established Hindustan Twyfords, in coaction with Twyfords Ltd. of UK. With a bent towards innovation coupled with the intention to introduce vitreous china ceramics in India, he identified the sanitaryware market as the segment of interest.

Brave new world Essay

Lenina, Foster and the Director all birth been pre-conditioned to think of themselves better and more knowing than Betas, Delta, Gammas, and Epsilons, as do all Alphas. And with good reason as Alphas are pre-conditioned to be more intellectual and socially better. This portrays a capitalist society with the distinct illuminatees. Huxley deriving from an upper-middle class family this is understandable. In contrast to 1984, everybody is relatively the resembling. Proles and party members are all treated the same and are regulate with telescreens and thought police moving amongst them.The views of Orwell have been diffused into the subject matter of 1984 as well as Huxleys into BNW, the difference and contrast being their views. Huxleys views of a class system and Orwell views that a collectivist Britain was going to develop in light of Soviet Russia. When further comparing the authors way of life and subject matter of opinion for their characters, it is clear that they shar e relatively the same principles. Orwells language and panache shows that the Party members and proles are sub-consciously trained to be inhabitve the ideals of the Party by propaganda.Posters, the both-minute hate, books, songs and newspapers all enforce the Party ideals and the wad believe them for they have no other principles or ideals with which to compare. They assume that the Party is right in what it says. This refers abide to the proles not having an individual consciousness away from party principles, as stated by Winston in the extract. Their thinking is basic and un-intellectual. Similarly, the thinking cognitive operation in BNW is a result from training and conditioning. This time citizenry are taught in their eternal sleep (again sub-consciously like in 1984) what to think and what ideals/principles to hold.Their thinking is mechanic and standardised which holds parallels with the mechanic factories they were produced in. once more it is the facial expression o f two different methods producing the same result. The subject matter of the BNW extract shows irritation which 1984 does not. The fact and process that leads to the Rocket Engineers only ever being truly happy when standing on their heads and that De bay windowting trauma can occur in comparison with real life birth trauma. Both of these examples from the extract are illustrations of the humour that Huxley injects into the novel at several intervals.With 1984 there are no humorous comments at all and so the subject matter keeps, at all times, an air of seriousness, whereas with BNW this air of seriousness, as a revolutionary novel, is low-spirited from time to time by the humour. A main contrast that the two extracts highlight is the ideal of what both(prenominal) foundations are striving towards and are. In 1984 Winston describes the Partys ultimate aim as The ideal jell up by the Party was something huge, terrible and glittering a world of steel and concrete, of monstrous m achines a nationAll thinking the same thoughts, shouting the same slogans, perpetually working, fighting, triumphing and persecuting three hundred million people all with the same face. This holds extreme parallels to the world that Huxley creates in Brave New World. A world where everyone has the same face paralleling with the mass producing of people that all look alike shouting the same slogans, paralleling with the sleep taught sayings that everyone has a version of, whether youre an Alpha or Epsilon, a world of steel and concrete paralleling with the colossal huge cities of BNW.It seems that 1984 is a world where a government is attempting to change the past and achieve a different world, whereas BNW is a world proud of its past and of sustaining its world. The two are exact opposites BNW being what the Party is laborious to create. The importance of the two extracts in the novels is high in that they are meant to shock the reader. Huxleys description of the manufacturing of people and Orwells description of a world that controls everything (even the past) and makes its people think whatever they like.Both extracts create a world in which the story is allowed to develop, they are the soil from which the seed is meant to grow. The 1984 extract has an added level to its importance as it shows that already Winston is part of the undead. It shows that Winston is doing exactly what hes not supposed to be and that if/when he is caught, the Party have got grounds on which to vaporise him. It shows the re-occurring principle in the novel that death is certain, and life is not. It shows that some(prenominal) chance of Orwells world changing, the Party being overthrown, is non-existent as any chance must lie in the proles butUntil they become conscious they will never rebel, and until after they have rebelled they cannot become conscious. This parallels with BNW as no-one there either wishes to change things, as they are content with their current life. Bot h extracts create these two worlds of unimaginable oppressiveness whether its inhabitants realise it or not and the theme that runs throughout the comparison of the two novels and extracts is the same that Orwell and Huxley both achieve relatively the same thing through different methods.They both achieve worlds of oppression and shock simply through different actual environments as they did with making it that everyone thinks what the authorities wants them to think and that they have no interest in challenging this or any other aspect of their world. This being the case and both authors creating these future worlds of shock and astonishment are vital to the novels as this is what makes the novels so revolutionary for their time.

Mulatto: Black People and Son Essay

Race, partition and gender have been a topic for most keep backs that have been written. A lot of books talk ab tabu these topics because it is something most people face. Whether youre at work and cant get a promotion because of your gender, excluded from a place because of your clear or hated because of your race. Know matter what you will be faced with one if these topics in your purport meter. Dorothy Allisons Bastard out of Carolina deals with these issues in a very intriguing way. She uses them to keep the story aerodynamic and keep the reader interested.In the novel BOC, Allison uses race, class and gender in a very unimaginative way. The story of fancy up deals place in a date where race was a conservational topic. You can hypothesize America was split in two groups, the whites and blacks. If you were black life was not easy. Black people were discriminated against. until now though slavery was over the black nation was not accepted by the white people. racialism means Discrimination or prejudice based on race (2). This word was not rightfully used in this book because the narrative was Bone, a white girl. When Bone would visit Aunt Almas apartment she would come to face black children.There and then is when the stereotypes of black people started. The grown ups in Bone had nothing good to say well-nigh the niggers that lived by Aunt Alma. speed off with a mans children, living in the mirky place with niggers every around. My bittie girls having to go up those stairs past those nigger boys. My wife walking the street past those peckerwoods (Allison 89). The family really did not approve of Aunt Alma living around black people. They were thought to be dirty and barbarous people. Black people were also thought to be stupid and worthless.Bone was young at the time and did not know what to remember about them. But she did not feel the same as her elders. kinda she made friends with them and learned to like them. I think Allison is tryin g to show the innocence of a child. close kids are caring and loving until they are taught to hate. Bone grew up in a poor family. They would be considered in todays society as trailer trash. The stereotype of poor white folk was present in Bastard out of Carolina. Anne and Glen did not really have money so it was nasty to support the kids. They basically lived with very little.They couldnt settle down at one house so they moved from one run down house to another. A lot of the characters described in this book had a lot of resemblance to what we would consider a red neck. For instance Uncle Travis has a big Chevy. Bone says it was jacked up so high that it easily cradled little kids or pregnant woman (Allison 1). Almost all the boys in the family had trucks. Thats typical for a red neck. Bone describes the Boatwright men as rugged, kind of dirty strong boys. They loved to fight and drink beer. The Boatwright family was big which again stereotyped poor white families. as well as p oor people are known to have kids out of wedlock. That was the situation Bone was. She was born out of wedlock and she never knew who her father was. That is the significance of the title Bastard out of Carolina. Gender also compete a big role in this novel by Dorothy Allison. The male and female gender play a very distinctive role. In the Boatwright family the men are thought to be the physically strong. They take care of the family. They get into fights and are feared by a lot of people in town. Women of that time were supposed(p) to stay at home cook and clean.They were supposed to wait for their husbands and never talk back. But I think Allison reversed the stereotype about women by making the Boatwright women very different. Most of them had jobs and were supporting them selfs. Aunt Raylene and Aunt Alma were some of the girls that lived by themselves. The women were strong too and they stuck together. Another way gender play a role was the relationship between Anne and Glen . From all the Boatwright women Anne was the weakest one. In the relationship Glen basically controlled Anne. Every time he did something bad she would end up forgiving him.Even after she found out he has been beating Bone she forgave him. Glen had all the power and Anne couldnt do anything because she loved him. Bastard out of Carolina faces issues about race, class and gender. Allison builds a world where all these issues are faced. Through the main character Bone, we see how race, class and gender affect her and her family. Race played a role when Bone meets black people for the first of all time and instead of judging them she became friend with them. The Boatwrights social status is not the best save they are feared by the community.They are considered poor and red necks. The last big issue that is seen in BOC is gender. Allison changed things up by making the women in the family stronger and more independent than other women of that time. In the end I think Allison decided t o stereotype race, class and gender to show us it makes things worse then they already are. piece of work Cited 2 entries found for racism. 2003. Lexico Publishing Group, LLC. 19 Feb. 2006 http//owl. english. purdue. edu/handouts/research/r_mla. html Allison Dorothy. Bastard out of Carolina. New York. Penguin Group. 1993.

Faith in Humanity

Faith in beneficence Essay Faith in charity is when a individual has a belief that mankind cannot do something so terrible, like burning hoi polloi in atomic reactor ovens, because they atomic number 18 humane. This belief was employ against the Jews, as well as the public, in the time of the Holocaust for Hitlers benefit to pull a blind over their eyes in early stages of the Holocaust. There are many examples of opinion in humanity from what was presented during this unit as well as belief of faith in humanity in modern day Thailand.Faith in humanity was a practice that crippled the Jews into believing that the Nazis couldnt, and wouldnt, shoot mass numbers of people into mass graves. In Night, by Ellie Wiesel, the author dialogue about a person who disappears and comes back with injuries. The person tells a sad tale about his misfortunes in his disappearing. He tells of foreigners having to offer up their necks to the Nazis so that they may shoot it, little babies being t orn from their mothers arms, being tossed up into the air and hypothesis d consume, as if they were just target practice and not actually living beings.In Night, also the author talks about being at the concentration camp and seeing the mass grave pile, patiently waiting in a heap for the incinerator, and at first, in the dark, he couldnt and chose not to conceptualise it because he didnt think, even after the horrific cattle ride where an old woman was brutally beaten by fellow prisoners because she wouldnt shut up, that that anyone could burn bodies that had been gassed or shot. He had a grand amount of faith in the Nazis hearts and consciences. The book Night and the book The Book Thief were both laced with faith in humanity.The Book Thief, written by Markus Zusak, has many forms of Faith in humanity intertwined through the pages. In the book, Liesel, the main character, has faith in the Nazis but when her family turns out to be storing a Jew, she hears stories that compromi se her original faith. The Jew, Max Vandenburg, tells her stories of his family in hiding, some gruesome tales about when he was captured, what he saw when he was hiding within the shadows of an abandoned warehouse, and what forced him to hide. Her faith in the Nazis dwindled but she still went to Hitler Youth where she was subjected to the lies that she had perpetrate her faith in.She heard that all Jews that were not in hiding were deported and forced into horrible conditions when she got home but had to keep the picture of an innocent, oblivious German girl who goes along with the plan and keeps her faith in humanity. As well as Liesel, the main character in The Book Thief, and the Germans in the time of Holocaust, the Thai people also have a massive amount of faith in humanity in their own kind. The people in Thailand are, unless it has been committed near them, oblivious to the practice of sex and human trafficking.Many young girls all year are taken from their families and c ities to be sold into slavery and bondage without knowledge of the public. The Thais have faith in the other Thais, so much that on the outside of the Reclining Buddha statue, there is a sign that says, admonishment Not Thai Bandits and Pick Pockets around. Thais are unknowingly giving up the younger generation of girls because they are hidden behind a curtain of faith in the wrong thing, humanity. Faith in Humanity is, and has been, practiced all over in the world. From the Holocaust to Thailand, modern day, it reins true, we cannot imagine life where anyone could be so cruel.

Management matters in retail Essay

anxiety matters in sell Management matters in sell working(a) paper 13, APRIL 2010 The surpassow for battle & successfulness is an independent non-for-profit constitution established in 2001 to serve as the investigate arm of Ontarios line of take a crap Force on combat, growthivity and scotch Progress. The mandate of the parturiency Force, announced in the April 2001 Speech from the Throne, is to measure and monitor Ontarios combat, harvest-homeiveness, and sparing gain comp ard to overbold(prenominal) provinces and US states and to report to the public on a regular basis.In the 2004 Bud bump, the Government asked the Task Force to incorporate vicissitude and commercialization issues in its mandate. Working papers published by the implant argon intended to inform the kick the bucket of the Task Force and to fire public awargonness and rush along debate on a range of issues related to competitiveness and masteryfulness. The Task Force publishes annual rep orts to the fate of Ontario each November. How to contact us Executive Director To learn more(prenominal) about the launch and the Task Force please visit us at www. ompeteprosper. ca James Milway 416 920 1921 x222 j. milwaycompeteprosper. ca Should you ease up each questions or comments, you may reach us by means of the web site or at the followers address The launch for Competitiveness & Prosperity 180 Bloor Street West, Suite 1000 Toronto, Ontario M5S 2V6 Telephone 416. 920. 1921 telefax 416. 920. 1922 It is the aspiration of the Task Force and the Institute to have a significant influence in change magnitude Ontarios competitiveness, outputiveness, and capacity for foot.We believe this will help get a line continued success in creating in effect(p) jobs, change magnitude prosperity, and building a high quality of life for each(prenominal) Ontarians. We seek breakthrough purposes from our seek and propose significant innovations in public policy to stimulate line of descentes, governments, and educational institutions to take carry out. Researchers Tamer Azer 416 920 1921 x228 t. azercompeteprosper. ca Katherine Chan 416 920 1921 x231 k. chancompeteprosper. ca Anam Kidwai 416 920 1921 x238 a. kidwaicompeteprosper. ca Lloyd featherbedtin 416 920 1921 x223 l. martincompeteprosper. caAaron Meyer 416 920 1921 x224 a. meyercompeteprosper. ca Comments on this working paper be welcome and should be directed to the Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity. The Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity is funded by the Government of Ontario through the Ministry of economical Development and Trade. Adrienne Ross 416 920 1921 x230 a. rosscompeteprosper. ca Ying (Sunny) Sun 416 920 1921 x227 s. suncompeteprosper. ca Copyright April 2010 The Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity ISBN 978-0-9809783-6-0 exteriorise Team Design Hambly & Woolley Inc. www. hamblywoolley. om Illustration Blair Kelly Daniela Scur Project Manager Jack Bolland Supervisor Sean Brandreth Supervisor Blaise Bolland Joshua Booth Vadim Dorfman Raswinder branchia Alison McMeekin Nikolina Miljevik Alam Aguilar-Platas Scott Sameroff Management matters in sell Working paper 13, APRIL 2010 exhibits showing 1Pressure and support poking any ternary elements of the inst in allation System13 manifest 2 Managers tend an all important(predicate) part in creating Pressure and Support in all elements of the launching System14 Exhibit 3 Canadian buss atomic number 18 slight tumefy better than their US counterparts5 Exhibit 4New watchfulness techniques be associated with modifyrs in crossingiveness and prosperity16 Exhibit 5 Canadas retail oversight couple upes US writ of execution25 Exhibit 6 Most of Canadas scoop managed retail trading deeds atomic number 18 US-owned multinationals26 Exhibit 7 Canada trails the US in adoption and implementation of top hat invest trading operations mathematical operationes26 Exhibit 8 Canada recurs worlds surpass performers in most(prenominal) operations oversight questions27 Exhibit A Manufacturers atomic number 18 discover managed than retailers in the three countries surveyed28Exhibit B Manufacturers out perform retailers29 Exhibit 9 Canada is among the requireing in best lend oneself for lapting and managing goals30 Exhibit 10In executing forethought, Canada stumbles very surface, but hush has remedyment opportunity30 Exhibit 11In muckle precaution, Canada is non statistically different from the US31 Exhibit 12In mountain instruction, Canada performs easy32 Exhibit 13 Better managed firms have more educated jitneys32 Exhibit 14 Multinationals out perform non-multinationals in all countries33 Exhibit 15 Larger firms tend to be better managed4 Exhibit 16Publicly held firms argon significantly better managed than privately held or family-owned firms everywhere35 Exhibit 17Ontario retailers trail US peer states, and match Western and Atlantic Can ada38 Exhibit 18Ontario down the stairs performs counterparts in US peer states, particularly in operations commission38 Exhibit 19In operations guidance, Ontario retailers lag peer state counterparts39 Exhibit 20In most areas of executing focussing, Ontario retailers are not statistically different from counterparts in peer states40Exhibit 21In people steering, Ontario retailers start in retaining high performers41 Contents Foreword and make lovements4 Executive summary6 beefed-up management saves prosperityManagement gift is important in the installation SystemCanada lacks sufficient sophisticated management capabilitiesManagement innovation delivers higher(prenominal) productivityManagement readings can be measured11 12 14 15 angle of dip sell is best practice operational strategy17 17 19 Canadas retailers score well but have opportunities to improveWhere can Canadian retailers improve?Public policy and barter strategies lead to strong management24 26 31 Ontario trails US peers and matches most opposite Canadian regions37 Opportunities to strengthen managementEnsure occupancyes aspire to excellence in management42 43 44 44 References46 Previous publications48 supranational search evaluates management practicesBroaden innovation policy to complicate management skillsEmbrace international competition in our scrimping policy4 wreak for competitiveness & prosperity Foreword and acknowledgements I am pleased to present Working composition 13 of the Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity.In this Working Paper, we extend our essay of the impact of management natural endowment on our economic prosperity. Last year, we presented the final results of the first-ever question on the quality of Canadas and Ontarios management in the manufacturing orbit. This Working Paper focuses on management capabilities in the retail sector. Strong management is a slender element in the innovativeness of our economy, and hence its productivity and prosperity. Strong management motions the contend for innovation through well developed and ably executed dividing line trategies it affects the ongoing allow for of high quality innovation by setting inquiry priorities and orchestrating technical resources and it is cite to the financing of innovation by assembling resources and allocating them wisely to promise investments. Research in the united Kingdom pictures t chapeau better management leads to higher sales per engagementee. Strong management is a life-sustaining element in the innovativeness of our economy, and hence its productivity and prosperity. however government innovation strategies in Canada do not take adequate account of the importance of management.They still focus on increasing scientific and technical resources that film new-to-the-world inventions but they do not adequately consider innovations that create economic set in meeting societal inquires by drawing on existing technologies and knowle dge. twain are important for our prosperity, and we need public policies that attend to each. Our findings for the retail sector are consistent with the inquiry on manufacturing management. Better educated directors produce better performance. For manufacturers and retailers, in Canada and internationally, the link between directors education and business performance is powerful.We besides find that large- collection plate, multinational retailers are better managed than those focused only on their inhabitation market. This holds true in Canada and other countries. Firms that expand planetaryly have dramatically better management, though identifying cook and effect is difficult. More than ilkly, there is a virtuous circle at work. Firms with worldwide aspirations need powerful management to expand, and expanding firms attract better charabancs.5 The research indicates that Canadian retail managers are as sound as their US counterparts whether they are working for a mul tinational or a domestic-only caller-up.Yet, our boilersuit retail productivity, as measured by sales per employee and our retail wages, trails the US retail sector significantly. So we have to acknowledge that the management of terminal level operations may not be the major(ip) challenge we pillowcase in meliorate our retail productivity. However, the quality of corporate management is an important factor our Canadian retail sector has generated only one global leader Couche-Tard maculation we have twenty-three global leading in our manufacturing sector. Other factors, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as population size and density as well as competitive intensity, are in any case equivalently at play.In public policy, we continue to recommend that our innovation strategies become more sophisticated and balanced. We need to recognize that supporting science for new inventions is not plentiful we need to create an environment where business people draw on new science and ma ny an(prenominal) other disciplines to innovate products, supporters, and processes. We need to ensure that our markets are as open as they can be to foreign competition and foreign investment, because they improve the level of management and innovation in Canada.And we need to be investing adequately in post secondary education to develop world-class management talent. We thank right moony acknowledge the ongoing funding support from the Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Trade. We look forward to sharing and treating our work and our findings. We welcome your comments and elicitions. Roger L. Martin, Chairman Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity Dean, Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto 6 build for competitiveness & prosperity Executive summary C ompetitive and prosperous countries in the world, as defined by Gross house servant Product (GDP) per capita. Ontario, in turn, is as well as one of the most prosperous jurisdictions in the w orld. Still, we are not realizing our full prosperity potential. For eight years, the Institute has been reporting on a persistent and grun-ining prosperity interruption with the United States, which stands at $8,700 for Canada and the United States, and $7,000 for Ontario and our US peer states. anada is one of the most Our major challenge is to cosmetic surgery our productivity and innovation performance.The two sources of higher prosperity are working more hours and producing more product per hour of work. On the former measure, hours worked per capita, we are near the top of developed economies through a junto of high rates of participation in the get force, low un usage rates, and high hours worked per worker. But on the latter(prenominal) measure that is, the value we add per hour worked we trail many developed economies. management matters in retail 7 We have already identified around of the factors place this unworthy productivity and innovation performance. sequ ence Ontario has a mix of industries that are by their nature productive and innovative, these industries do not operate as effectively as their counterparts in the US economy. Some of these factors relate to broad economic factors we tend less(prenominal) to live in metropolitan areas, and we are less well educated than our counterparts in the United States. But some other factors relate to how our businesses compete. For example, compared with their US counterparts across the economy, Canadian managers invest less in productivity enhancing machinery nd equipment, particularly nurture and communication technology (ICT), and they produce fewer patents. Our past research and the work of others indicate that our older and middle managers do not have fundamentally different attitudes from their US counterparts toward competition, risk of infection taking, and innovation. But our innovation and productivity performance is inhibited by limited management capabilities such as lower e ducational increase and less spreading of best management practices and by context such as lower competitive intensity in the markets and fewer sophisticated guests.Effective management leads business innovation. Innovation is the result of the ongoing interaction of three elements the supply of innovation, the admit for innovation, and the financing of innovation in an Innovation System. These elements are driven by competitive messure and broad support that activate the Innovation System. Effective management provides pressure and support across the Innovation System in strengthening demand for innovation, providing supply of innovation, and driving the quantity and quality of financing for innovation.It is safe to conclude, therefore, that management is an important factor in the prosperity of a jurisdiction. But hard evidence to support this death has been limited. In one research initiative, University of Toronto professor Michelle Alexopoulos has developed a methodol ogy for step the diffusion of innovative management techniques, going as far back as Taylors scientific management in 1911. Her measures track Library of coition management book publication records, supplemented with counts of applic fit academic journal articles, to determine the adoption of management techniques.Her research indicates that increased diffusion of new management techniques is correlated with growth in productivity, measured by fare Factor Productivity (TFP), and prosperity, measured through GDP. She concludes that economic growth results not only from increases in genuine technology (R&D, machinery & equipment) as most economists agree but it also is the result of advances in intangible technologies, like management techniques and new processes disseminated in part through publications. 8 nstitute for competitiveness & prosperity In some other initiative, in 2008, the Institute partnered with Stanford professor Nick Bloom to extend his pioneering global resear ch in measuring management practices to Canada. His research started as a detailed approach to evaluating how well manufacturing operations have enforced advanced management techniques. It encompassed the level of managers knowledge of these techniques, the company-wide commitment to setting targets, measuring and monitoring results, and managing people well.In the manufacturing sector, the research had already been conducted in advanced economies, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan, and developing economies like China, India, and Brazil. The quality of management, as captured by this study, correlates well with firm and industry productivity. The results of our research were published in the Institutes Working Paper 12, Management Matters. We found that the Canadian manufacturing sector is among the best managed in the world. Our performance management teams are leading in implementing specific techniques in the area of magnetic dip Manufacturing.They are stiff performers in effecting dear(p) performance management, though with room for improvement. But, while they match management teams in other leading economies in people management, Canadian firms trail US practices significantly. Our results also indicated that some of the key variables that drive or at least are correlated with better management are education, ownership, and winning global strategies. In Ontario, our results indicated that the quality of manufacturing management is higher here than in the other regions of Canada, and that the provinces results are within statistical range of US results overall.Nevertheless, against the fourteen US peer states we have identified, Ontario infra performs, oddly in the area of people management the willingness of managers to keep and promote high performers and to muckle promptly with unequal performers. In this Working Paper, we still extend this management research into another important industry in our economy our reta il businesses. In the summer of 2009, a team of analysts at the Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity call into questioned senior managers at 661 retail outlets in total 409 in Canada, 152 in the United States, and 100 in the United Kingdom.The research was slightly adapted to fit the retail sector, but still remains more a lot than not comparable to that in manufacturing in approaches to measuring and monitoring operations performance, setting and achieving performance targets, and managing people. management matters in retail The results for Canada are encouraging. The overall results indicate that we are among the leaders in retail management, scoring statistically no differently than the United States. Results vary across the three sub-indexes that make up the overall measure.In operations management, we stand statistically behind the United States, but in front of the United Kingdom. In performance management, we tie with the United States for the top spot and stay st atistically ahead of the United Kingdom. In people management, though our score is lower than the US result, it is not statistically different, and we stand statistically ahead of the UK score here as well. Some of the key variables that are correlated with better management in manufacturing are also important in retail, such as education and global reach. More highly educated management teams out perform other retail managers.Retailers who have success in full expanded beyond their borders are much(prenominal) better managed than those who are still domestic competitors only. We also found that firm size and scale are important in explaining better management larger retail firms are better managed. Our results indicate that quality of retail management in Ontario is not statistically different from that in the liberalisation of Canada. Ontario slews statistically worse than our fourteen peer states group however, unlike our manufacturers, the retailers disadvantage is strongest in store operations and not statistically significant in performance and people management.In summary, this Working Paper reinforces our conclusion that management capabilities are important contributors to provincial and national prosperity. And our Canadian retail management is among the best. Ontario, however, while universe no different than the rest of Canada, trails the US peers significantly. Overall, our retail businesses have significant opportunities to improve. 9 10 institute for competitiveness & prosperity The implications for Ontario and Canada are clear If we want an economy built on innovation, we have to take managerial education in our policy development. Developing our cientific and technical skills is important to our prosperity but not building the capabilities of our managers is an oversight that holds back our prosperity. Consistent with the recommendations of the Competition Policy Review Panel, chaired by Red Wilson in 2008, and our own research, we ne ed to encourage an openness to foreign investment in our industries. This Working Paper shows how such investments attract best management practices and performance in our economy. At the same sequence, we need to encourage the global aspirations of our successful companies. In turn, global expansion will drive he development of stronger management in Ontario and Canadian firms. management matters in retail 11 Strong management delivers prosperity C its full prosperity potential. Relative to the United States, the economy most similar to ours and our largest trading partner, we have a growing prosperity feast. Canadas lag in GDP per capita grew from $2,600 in 1981 to $8,700 in 2008. 1 This growing gap reflects a failure to reach our full economic potential. It means that our generation has not created as much economic value as possible from the human, natural, and physical resources endowed to us. nada is not achieving A key component of closing our prosperity gap is for Canada to broaden its approach to innovation. Strong management practices are a critical contributor to more innovation. So we need stronger commitment to strengthening the capabilities of our business managers to implement best practices. Following on our work in manufacturing, in this Working Paper, we extend our exploration of management capabilities in Canada and Ontario to the retail sector. 1 2007 Canadian dollars US dollars converted at 2007 Purchasing Power Parity. 12 The retail sector is full of innovation.One classic example lies in the success of Walmart and its pioneering introduction of cross-docking at its diffusion centres. This revolutionary schema enabled Walmart to achieve excellent productivity and customer responsiveness without the usual descent and discussion represents attached. By enabling its goods to be continuously delivered to its warehouses, then immediately selected, repackaged and transferred to their stores, Walmart has been able to streamline its inven tory pipeline by crossing its goods from one loading dock to another without its goods ever spending important time and space in the arehouse. 2 Through effective management and innovation, Walmart was able to transform itself from a small niche retailer to the largest and most profitable retailer in the world today. Other examples of innovation in retail include big box retailers with a focused, but very expansive product selection, and Carrefour, which ushered in the concept of combining supermarket and department store into one roof, known today as a hypermarket. It should be noted that these examples and other specific ones in this Working Paper are from business belles-lettres and in no way indicate that they were mong the companies we interviewed in our research. Such information is confidential. The benefits of improved management practices also apply in many other sectors. For example, a Washington Post article describes a study conducted in hospitals in the United States , where they enforced a simple management tool, a surgical checklist in surgical procedures. The low-cost, low tech invention led to a decrease of in-patient deaths by more 2G. institute for competitiveness & prosperity than 40 percent and a fall in the rate of serious complications of 36 percent. The article captures the essence of this ool very well The human brain cant remember everything, so its best to focus on the complicated challenges and leave the simple reminders to a cheat sheet. 3 Management tools such as the surgical checklist, the equivalent of the retail stores daily mental disorder list, are small changes that can substantially decrease the rate of ravage in a business be it of time, resources, or lost revenue because of product shortages. In this Working Paper, we focus on management capabilities in the retail sector. We define retail as those firms engaged in the selling of consumer goods to the public, ranging from utomotive and furniture stores to pharmacies, habit, and food product stores. We first briefly reexamine the importance of management talent for innovation and prosperity. 4 We then set out key findings from research we have recently conducted into the current state of management capabilities in Canadas and Ontarios retail sector, and how retail fares against the manufacturing sector in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Management talent is important in the Innovation System As we have discussed in previous reports,5 innovation is a result of the ongoing interaction of three elements supply, demand, and financing of innovation in an Innovation System. These elements are driven by competitive pressure and broad support (Exhibit1). Each of the elements is critical for success, but all three need to work together in balance. The supply of innovation includes the factors dedicated to increasing the stock of innovation, including highly competent personnel, businesses facilities, resources, and activities. The demand for innovation is the combination of customer insistence on new products and process breakthroughs and corporate demand for innovation within a firm.The financing of innovation is an important bridge between demand and supply since, even if these two factors are in balance, significant funding is typically required to commercialize new ideas and scientific breakthroughs. Innovation requires pressure and support in each of these areas. Strong management is important in each element of the Innovation System. The management function includes goal setting, organization building, resource allocation, and monitoring of results. It also includes actions in enterprise finance, sales and promotion, production and delivery, and people evelopment (Exhibit2). Hence, in building an innovative firm or an innovative economy, management talent matters. Senior managers in successful companies develop strategies where innovation is a critical component. Innovation strategies typically follow one of two paths Innovation to compress costs. Cost reductions can be realized in two ways. First, improved management and operate processes can reduce the producers costs. For example, Harlequin determined that producing romance novels consistently with the number of pages that coincided with one sheet on the printing press would educe its printing costs, standardize shipping requirements, and simplify display for the retailer. Harlequin also determined that turn on order distribution would cut costs and build Stalk, P. Evans, and L. Shulman, 1992, Competing on capabilities The new rules of corporate strategy, Harvard Business Review, Mar/Apr, 1992, p. 58, gettable online http//my. execpc. com/jpurtell/HBR-CompetingonCapabilities. pdf Washington Post, January 15, 2009, Surgery checklist lowers death rate, ready(prenominal) online http//www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/14/AR2009011402831. tml 4 For a more extensive discussion see Roger Martin and James Milway, Strengthening management for prosperity, Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity, 2007, available online http//www. competeprosper. ca/images/uploads/ManagementPaper_May07. pdf 5Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity, Working Paper 12, Management matters, March 2009. 3 13 management matters in retail repeat purchase behaviour among loyal customers. The lower operating costs could be passed on as lower prices for consumers. But true innovation means that the producer captures some of the value added by not reducing prices at the same rate s costs. Second, innovation can reduce costs for retailers or other parts of the distribution channel. McCains became one of Canadas global leaders by eliminating the need for restaurants and food service operations to buy whole potatoes and peel them. Instead, they could buy fully prepared frozen fries from McCains and simply finish the frying. Innovation to enhance customer experience. four Seasons, the worlds leading luxury hotel chain, has succeeded by relentlessly studying what its guests wanted and by improving the customer experience. Cirque de Soleil, the worlds leading ircus company, recognized the customers experience of circuses left much to be desired and reinvented the circus world to delight them. Such innovations draw as much on management capabilities competitive analysis, customer research and segmentations, cost analysis as they do on technological capabilities. Indeed, our research into high technology firms in Canada shows that, as these firms succeed and mature, the importance of technical skills at the top of the organization is matched by the importance of other skills, including management capability. 6 And below the CEO level, evidence is mounting hat the economy is requiring greater numbers of sophisticated conceptual thinkers and those with the strong analytic and people skills required to lead innovation and upgrading. 7 Exhibit 1 Innovation strategy has three components Exhibit 1Pressure and Support drive all three elements of the Innovation System The Innovation System PRESSURE PRESSURE Strong Management denotation Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity. 6 7 Demand for Innovation SUPPORT Financing of Innovation SUPPORT Supply of Innovation The Strategic Counsel, Assessing the Experience of Successful Innovative Firms in Ontario, 2004, p. 1, available online http//www. competeprosper. ca/images/uploads/InnovationInterviewStudyRep. pdf Ibid, p. 41 14 institute for competitiveness & prosperity Canada lacks sufficient sophisticated management capabilities An important opportunity for improving Canadas innovation and productivity performance is to strengthen management talent in our economy. In our research over the years, we have consistently found that our managers generally have lower educational attainment than their US counterparts, and CEOs of our largest corporations are less likely to have formal business education at the grade level. Half of US managers have a bachelors degree or above compared to incisively over a third of Canadian managers (Exhibit 3). Further, innovative, hightech firms report disadvantages in access to management talent as a key constraint. 9 A key part of Canadas prosperity under performance is attributable to its lack of management talent. Management skills are a critical complement to science and applied science skills in creating a high quality supply of innovation, driving sophisticated demand for innovation, and putting in place the required quantity and quality of financing to make the Innovation System work effectively.Exhibit 2 Managers play an important part in creating Pressure and Support in all elements of the Innovation System The Innovation System PRESSURE PRESSURE Strong Management Source Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity. 8Institute 9R. Demand for Innovation SUPPORT Financing of Innovation SUPPORT Supply of Innovation for Competitiveness & Prosperity, Working Paper 6, Reinve nting innovation and commercialization policy in Ontario, October 2004, p. 40 Martin and J. Milway, Strengthening management for prosperity, p. 11 15 management matters in retail Management innovation delivers higher productivity Contemporary research often focuses n two measures of productivity output per unit of labour input, such as hours worked or employment and total factor productivity (TFP), which measures the extent to which actual economic output is higher than smashing and labour employment data would suggest. Many researchers and policy makers believe that productivity changes are intimately tie in to changes in technology in the traditional sense that is, productivity growth results from improvements in machinery, equipment, or techniques of production. Thus, the key to higher productivity is technological advances, as evidenced in higher R&D expenditures or more patents.Professor Michelle Alexopoulos of the University of Toronto presents an alternative, though less intuitive, view. 10 She argues that anything that improves producers ability to transform inputs into final goods and services deserves the title technology. For her, productivity is indeed influenced by the traditionally understood types of technology such as machinery and new products that she calls tangible. But productivity is also influenced by intangible technology such as management techniques and production processes. She posits that it is important to attain between these wo types of technologies, since they affect the types of policies governments may want to put in place. It is generally agreed among management experts that changes in intangibles such as corporate work rules, team structures, communication channels, morale, or managerial leadership raise productivity and workforce efficacy. While this is not a controversial statement, quantifying the effect of improvement in management techniques at the aggregate level is extremely difficult because of measureme nt issues. Professor Alexopoulos measure tracks the development and diffusion f management techniques through a count of Library of Congress management book titles, supplemented with counts of relevant academic journal articles. She has demonstrated that changes in management techniques are an important factor in US productivity growth. 11 With the index of management book publications serving as a proxy for diffusion, her degeneration analyses reveal that available management books are positively associated with growth in an economys TFP and GDP. In particular, following the introduction of a new management technique that causes a 10 percent increase in new management books, GDP and TFPExhibit 3 Canadian managers are less well educated than their US counterparts Managers educational attainment, second-rate 20052007 12% 18% Advanced degree 35% knight bachelors degree 26% Some post secondary 18% High school 23% 39% 19% 7% Canada 3% United States Less than high school Source Institu te for Competitiveness & Prosperity analysis based on Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, and U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, contemporary Population Survey 10M. Alexopoulos and T. Tombe, Management Matters, forthcoming working paper, University of Toronto. 11Ibid. 16 institute for competitiveness & prosperity row at statistically significantly higher rates than average for approximately hexad years. In fact, the whim response estimates suggest that by year five, GDP would be 2. 1 percent higher and TFP would be 1. 4 percent higher in an economy with innovation in management techniques (Exhibit 4). A 2 percent increase in our GDP per capita would increase average disposable income per family by $1,500 in Canada and Ontario. 12 Alexopoulos does not assert that the research definitively leads to this direct impact but it does suggest that improved management has a significant effect on a regions or nations prosperity.She concludes that Canadian managers, have access to the s ame resources as our the Statesn neighbours, but many lack the expertise to employ the most productive management innovations. Increasing the number of graduates from economics, business, or management chopines and raising funding for research in business management and related fields may help alleviate this deficiency. This kind of business R&D is to management what science is to engineering, and deserves more attention from the government. It is intuitively likely that stronger management capabilities lead to more innovation and higher rosperity. But the impact of management capabilities on regional prosperity has not been well studied. Our research and that of others indicate that management matters. The development of improved management techniques, their diffusion, and their implementation by sufficient managers lead to higher prosperity. Exhibit 4 New management techniques are associated with increases in productivity and prosperity Effect on Gross Domestic Product and Total Factor Productivity Response to a 10% increase in management publications Percentage increase 2. 5 % Gross Domestic Product 2. 0 1. 5 Total Factor Productivity . 0 0. 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 Years following unanticipated increase in management publications Source M. Alexopoulos and T. Tombe, Management Matters, forthcoming working paper, University of Toronto. 12Calculation based on a 2 percent increase in the Canadian 2008 income per capita, personal disposable income as a percentage of GDP, and average household size. 6 management matters in retail 17 Management practices can be measured C learly, good management is an important factor in firm innovation and productivity and, to the extent that a regions firms are well managed, overall prosperity will be higher.But economists and management researchers have compensable little attention to measuring effective management practices and their impact on firm productivity. A major stumbling block has been the lack of useful, consistent measurem ents of the quality of management across firms and countries. While researchers recognize the importance of effective management, they typically refer to it as an empirically unobservable variable in their research to account for the differences in productivity across firms within the same country and industry. International research evaluates management practicesTo fill this research gap, professors Nick Bloom, John Van Reenen, and Raffaela Sadun developed a methodology to measure management practices first within a manufacturing operation,13 and now have expanded this methodology to include 13 See, for example, N. Bloom and J. Van Reenen, measuring and Explaining Management Practices Across Firms and Countries, NBER Working Paper No. 12216 and N. Bloom, J. Van Reenen, Why do Management Practices disagree across Firms and Countries? Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 203244. 18 institute for competitiveness & prosperity the retail sector as well as forthcoming esearch on management of schools and hospitals. They have applied this methodology since 2004 and have interviewed over 7,000 firms in eighteen countries,14 including developed economies, such as the United States, Germany, and Japan, and developing economies like China, India, and Brazil. The Institute collaborated closely with Professor Bloom to interview Canadian manufacturing firms through the summer of 2008. In 2009, the Institute further collaborated to extend the methodology to the retail sector, for the first time in a large-scale project, including Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Bloom, Van Reenen, and Saduns ethod to measure management practices in the firm is based on an interview military rank tool that scores firms on a scale of 1 to 5, indicating from worst practice to best practice across eighteen management practices, developed originally by McKinsey & Company, a leading international management consulting firm. The management practices cover thr ee distinct, but related areas of management Adopting effective operations management approaches. How well have firms implemented retailing management systems that are generally regarded by academics and consultants as best practice? Lean Retailing is a fairly recent concept erived from the original Lean Manufacturing, which is generally regarded as the most effective management system. Based on the production methods developed by Toyota, but applicable beyond the automotive (and manufacturing) industry, Lean achieves highly efficient operations through a relentless drive to reduce shoot a line of time and resources. It is characterized by an ethos of 14For continuous improvement, backed by close bring in of the operation to identify problems and improvement opportunities. Managing targets effectively. Do firms management teams set stretch yet realistic targets, monitor performance against these targets, and ake corrective action when necessary? Effective management in this ar ea means that companies are finding the right balance of targets to aspire to for maximum achievable performance. Setting targets too low means under performance setting them too high will discourage improvements by workers and managers. Effective management also means determining how to measure performance and to follow through with actions when targets are not met. Managing people well. atomic number 18 companies promoting and rewarding employees based on performance, and systematically trying to hire and keep their best employees? The cliche that people are a firms most mportant asset is true. Skilled workers and effective people management together are an important element of productivity in firms and across the economy. Well managed firms are able to attract and retain their top talent through effective reward and incentive programs. They also deal effectively with problem performers. Professor Bloom and his team designed the research process according to morose academic rese arch standards. Our analysts, who were business and economics students, were trained to conduct the interviews consistent with analysts in other countries. We promiscuously selected retail locations for elephone interviews from a comprehensive industry list of firms categorized by Standard Industrial motley (SIC) retail codes. 15 The analysts conducted telephone interviews that lasted an average of fifty-seven minutes with the most senior store managers available and occasionally district managers. Through a series of structured, but open-ended questions, the analysts scored each company on a scale of 1 to 5, across eighteen factors. These results generated scores on each of the three factors set forth above, which in turn generated an overall score for the quality of management at the operation.The structure of the retail interview followed the manufacturing one, in which sixteen out of the eighteen topics were comparable between the two sectors. Analysts also double scored four fifths of the interviews. That is, while one analyst conducted the interview, another, who was not taking part in the interview, listened and independently scored the company. Subsequent comparisons of the scores showed a high degree of consistency between analysts. We conducted interviews from June to August 2009 from a central location in Toronto. To ensure the comparability of the retail scores with the previous years anufacturing scores, our analysts were trained utilise the same methodology, and two analysts from the previous years manufacturing project returned to supervise and double-score the interviews. Thus we conclude that, as much as possible, the retail interviews were scored in the same way as those in the manufacturing sector, and therefore are comparable to the rest of the management sample. Further, the distribution of completed interviews across Canada and the United States matches the distribution of actual retail locations. more information on the research metho dology, see Professor Nick Blooms website http//www. tanford. edu/nbloom/index_files/Page371. htm on the Dun & Bradstreet database, using SIC codes 5057 and 59. For more information, see http//www. dnb. ca/ 15Based 19 management matters in retail Lean Retailing is best practice operating strategy Lean Retailing is an example of a best practice operating strategy that management needs to adopt to maximize the efficiency of the retail operation process. including those in insurance companies, hospitals, airline maintenance organizations, government agencies, retail industries, and many others. 16 In the retail sector, the same Lean approach as now developed to improve operations issues these principles are known as Lean Retailing. What is Lean Retailing? How does Lean Retailing work? Business success lies in effective management. This is e special(prenominal)ly critical today, as retailers continue to face the increasing challenge of competing against locomote prices alongside risin g operating and labour costs. Now, more than ever, retailers are turning toward adopting a more Lean approach in their management operations to improve profitability. At the core of Lean Retailing is a dedication to the elimination of waste. Similar to the manufacturing sector, the ajor types of waste targeted by the Lean approach include excess inventory, product defects, unnecessary motion, under used employees, and waitress times. Managers can now apply similar tools and principles to identify these forms of waste to improve their operations efficiency. These Lean techniques include But what is Lean Retailing? Lean Retailing refers to the operating strategy that seeks to maximize efficiency by identifying and eliminating waste. It focuses on simplifying the work process to eliminate wasted effort, time, materials, and motion. By adopting a Lean approach, managers who employ these tools and principles are able to educe non-value adding activities, detect and prevent problems earl y, and improve overall operating flow. Using pull to drive replenishment. Ensuring that the supply of goods is pulled by actual demand of customers as conflicting to forecast or estimated demand so that inventory levels are kept low and space is conserve Removing bottlenecks through the supply chain. Eliminating inefficiencies to shorten delivery times, lower transportation costs and defects, and improve product flow and operational performance Today, the Lean approach has evolved from the manufacturing industry to apply to operations of all kinds, 16S.To win in this increasingly competitive environment, retailers need to adopt a relentless focus on delivering value cost effectively. For, despite steadily falling prices, store operating costs are trending upwards because of more pricy operating overheads and labour costs as well as higher investments in shop fittings to match increasing trends to improve the customer experience. 17 Retailers must pursue a Lean perspective in th eir core operations, including best practices in operations management, performance management, and people management. (See A guide to best practices in Lean Retailing. ) Doing so will produce a more fficient cost structure, more productive workers, less waste, lower effort, and shorter wait times all of which generate significant improvements in store profitability and customer satisfaction. Today, more and more businesses are focusing on streamlining their key operations to reduce unnecessary processes and waste and to improve customer experience. Lean Retailing is a best practice that, once implemented, can improve productivity and contribute to higher overall economic performance. Our research allows us to measure the quality of retail management through the lens of Lean Retailing and to provide guidance for retailers in dentifying and implementing Lean Retailing best practices. Eliminating wasted effort, time, materials, and motion. Identifying the core value of operations by eliminating excess motion, time, and materials used in the process flow to reduce and prevent extra work, problems and wait times Where did Lean Retailing originate? Pioneered by Toyota Motor Corporation, the concept of Lean was conceived as a set of tools and methods to eradicate waste and inefficiency in their manufacturing system, excellently known now as the Toyota Production System (TPS). This revolutionizing manufacturing strategy fuelled Toyotas rise from a ash-strapped company to becoming one of the most successful automobile manufacturers in the world. Simplifying work design. Organizing case-by-case work processes to be more feasible and manageable so that these efforts have clear start and finish points Why is Lean Retailing important? Corbett, Beyond Manufacturing The evolution of Lean production, McKinsey Quarterly, 2007, 3, pp. 94-96. Voisin, The Industrial revolution of European retailers in underway, McKinsey Quarterly, 2004, available online at http//www. mckinse y. com/practices/retail/knowledge/index_full. asp? startval=20&sort=title 17Jean-Baptiste 0 institute for competitiveness & prosperity A guide to best practices in Lean Retailing For each topic in the study, we define the best practice and provide an example drawn from the 661 retail interviews conducted across North America and Europe Operations management Rationale for Lean retailing techniques Adoption of Lean practices store operations Has the store implemented all the major Lean store operations practices? For example, does the manager have a standard to-do list to follow daily? Is there an automated inventory control system determined by the pull of demand? Is the backroom organized systematically? suit of best practice A Canadian bookstore has a point-of-sale system that automatically orders an item as soon as it is sold. The managers and employees check off every item on their set to-do list every morning. The manager has a store clock, where she plans for what is happening in the store every hour of the day. Some inventory is kept, and what is on hand in the backroom is organized by aisle with bin codes, keeping the backroom clutter-free. scheduling Has the store implemented all major Lean scheduling practices? Is the scheduling done automatically, based on store traffic and transactions data? atomic number 18 there defined roles within the ply? guinea pig of best practice Scheduling at a US supermarket is based on a computer system that is linked to its sales results system. The computer system bases the schedule on transactions per hour and allocates more labour to top of the inning hours. Roles in the store are clearly defined, and employees rarely have to respond to unexpected traffic increases. What was the logical thinking behind the adoption of any or all Lean Retailing techniques? Were managers implementing changes because all their competitors were doing it? Did managers believe it would except reduce costs and thus ecided to make the sw itch? Or did Lean fit the businesses goals, which often include increasing quality, reducing waste, and reducing injuries while increasing profits? Example of best practice A UK specialty apparel store introduced techniques to improve customer service, raise product availability, decrease waste, and increase efficiency and productivity. Process problem documentation If an operational/procedural problem in the store occurs, what happens? Do managers wait for problems to happen to address them or do they search for ways of improving processes and avoiding potentially costly product shortages or mistakes?Is there a specific way that shop floor workers, who are executing most of the tasks, can suggest process improvements? Example of best practice A UK supermarket uses a checklist system for checking the store every hour. Managers document all issues and have periodical business strategy meetings to discuss them and identify solutions. activity plans encompass targeted completion date s and everything is reported to corporate headquarters. There is a standard system whereby employees can suggest improvements, and managers review them weekly with potential rewards for the employee whose suggestion gets implemented. management matters in retail atters Operations performance tracking What types of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are the managers tracking? For example, do managers only track sales per day or does the set of KPIs include a comprehensive list of all productivity factors, such as average transaction value and conversion rates? And are these KPIs available for all to see, or is it only the senior managers who are privy to this information? Example of best practice A Canadian bookstore manager tracks all major performance indicators daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly. Sales are bring in by shift, and if targets are not being met, the manager follows up mmediately with the sales staff to improve performance. All information is posted for employees to se e and modifyd as new data become available. Operations performance review Does a manager review KPIs with other managers and staff? Is there a meeting to review them? Who is tough in these meetings? Who gets to see the results of this review? What are the typical next steps after a meeting? Example of best practice A ironware store in Canada has weekly management meetings to review the basic KPIs, and routinely invites floor staff to attend as well. Every meeting, they create a follow up plan with five to six main oints they have to focus on in the coming week with specific timelines and accountability. Results are tracked daily and shared with employees in small team huddles and storewide meetings twice a week. The managers keep a posting to help track how they are doing. a 21 Operations performance dialogue Here managers are asked to describe a KPI meeting. Is there a set structure to the meeting for example, a set schedule used every week? If KPI data are needed to discuss specific issues, are the data always available? Do discussions lead to the root cause of problems? Example of best practice The manager at an American eneral merchandise store has a set agenda for the meetings (part of it from corporate, part of it open to managers discretion), which is distributed ahead of time. All involved are expected to have reviewed it and to come prepared for discussion. Problems are identified and conversations are only finished when the root cause is found. The manager often uses root cause analysis tools such as fishbone diagrams and the 5Ys. a All items are documented and followed up on. Consequence management How do managers deal with a business unit that is under performing? What are the consequences for the under performing unit? be there parts of the business that await to fail repeatedly to carry out agreed actions? Example of best practice A general merchandise store in Canada has a computerized system where carry through plans are logged. Outstan ding items are flagged (red, yellow, or green). In-store issues have a sundown rule, where problems need to be furbish up by sundown. External issues require progress reports, and status is frequently reviewed until the item is no longer red-flagged. 5Ys is a management technique used to solve problems by asking why five times. By the time the fifth why is asked, the root cause of the problem has already been found. 2 institute for competitiveness & prosperity Performance management Types of goals What types of goals are set for the company? Are there specific goals for the store? Are there any non-financial goals? Example of best practice A hardware store in Canada has a range of financial and operational goals in place, and also has specific non-financial goals for community involvement (charitable donations/fundraising) and environmental targets. The manager was concerned with making money but felt that supporting their community was just as important. interconnection of goals Is there a clear motivation behind the goals? For instance, oes the company clearly communicate goals, such as we want to be the leader in the industry or we want to grow by 4 percent in the next two years? How are the goals cascaded down to the individual workers? For example, are workers alive(predicate) of how their work fits within the larger framework of the company? Example of best practice The motivation behind a US general merchandise stores goals is to create shareholder value and deliver customer satisfaction. Corporate headquarters divides goals by region, division, and store. The manager then further divides those goals by department and individual associates, so that all ave personal targets linked to the stores overall goal. Company goals are communicated through storewide meetings and newsletters. Time horizon What is the time scale of the targets? Do managers focus more on short-term or long-term goals? Do the short-term goals form a stairway to the long-term goals? Example of best practice A Canadian department store has daily, weekly, quarterly, annual, three- and five-year goals and ten-year strategic goals. The goals are all linked in a staircase if the store meets all the short-term goals, they will inevitably meet the long-term goals. Setting stretch goals How tough are the goals?Do managers feel pushed by them? Are any goals obviously too easy or too hard? In other words, are there goals that are always met and some that are never met? Do all departments have the same level of difficulty in the targets or do some get off easy? Example of best practice A UK clothing store has rigorous goals for all departments, based on a specific store growth plan. The manager feels the targets are very tough, but attainable. She meets them between 75 to 80 percent of the time. Clarity of goals Do all employees in the store know what their personal targets are? Does anyone complain that the targets are too omplex that is, not that they are too stretchi ng, but that they are difficult to understand? Is performance between teams or shifts openly compared to others? Example of best practice A Canadian bookstore manager sets clear individual targets for her employees and keeps them accountable to them during weekly huddles. She posts performance in the break room and employees are encouraged to compare individual performance, as the manager believes this leads to friendly competition. Instilling a talent mindset Do senior managers discuss attracting and developing intellectual people? Do managers get any rewards for the talent ool they create? Are managers held accountable for creating a talent pool? Example of best practice Managers at an American department store participate in university/college job fairs, and actively seek talented people to join the company. The company has a human capital report, and the number and quality of the people a manager hired are important in his appraisal and affect (positively or negatively) his bon us at the end of the year. management matters in retail 23 deal management Promoting high performers If a worker is exceptionally good, can he or she be promoted on a fast track?Are top performers routinely identified and developed? Is length of service unduly important in promotions? Rewarding top performers How does the appraisal system work? How does the bonus system work? Are there non-financial rewards? How do these systems compare to the competitors systems? Example of best practice An American hardware store holds appraisal meetings every six months one full appraisal meeting and one update meeting. There is a bonus for both shop floor employees and managers, based on a review of personal performance. For the shop floor employees, there is a reward system where employees et stars in a staircase structure for outstanding performance. For each set number of stars, there is a financial reward. When employees reach the highest level, they get a gift. There are also gift cards/m ovie tickets and other financial rewards for good customer service performance. Addressing poor performance If a worker is continuously under performing, what is the course of action? Is there a set procedure that is followed? How long would under performance be tolerated? Example of best practice A US department store has a performance improvement plan, whereby managers meet with poor performers, identify their improvement pportunities, develop a plan, and give them tools to make them work more effectively. Once under performance is identified, weekly meetings are set up to update the status. The manager tries to retrain and/ or continue the employee to other departments, but under performance is only tolerated for a maximum of three months. Example of best practice An American grocery store has a formal career path plan for all employees and a succession plan for managers. Promotions are based solely on performance, and tenure does not play a role. The manager uses regular perfor mance appraisals to identify op performers and look for diamonds in the rough. The company has a mentoring program that trains the best to be future managers, and encourages workers to take courses outside the store. Attracting high performers Does the company offer a classifiable work environment that is attractive to top talent? Example of best practice An American hardware store offers competitive wages, strong performance incentives, and clear career paths. The managers believe it is important to get employees involved in the decision-making process to make them feel like a valued part of the company. Retaining high performersWhat special practices are in place to retain top performers who want to leave the company? Example of best practice A hardware store manager in Canada keeps an eye on the top employees and, if they seem unhappy or are thinking about leaving, senior management will meet with them to discuss their career. For a top performer, the manager would adjust hours, increase pay, and offer more responsibility. The manager mentioned an example where he helped the employees mother move to their town so they could live closer together and the employee would stay with the company. 24 institute for competitiveness & prosperity